Understanding Osteoarthritis: More Than Just “Wear and Tear”

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects millions of people worldwide. It is a condition that develops within and around a joint, causing changes that can make movement less comfortable and less efficient.

Many people describe osteoarthritis as “wear and tear,” but this isn’t entirely accurate. Joints don’t simply wear out from being used too much. Current research suggests that osteoarthritis is a complex process in which the joint works hard to repair itself after damage or stress. Over time, these repair processes can lead to changes within the joint that affect its normal function.

What Happens Inside the Joint?

Healthy joints are covered with a smooth layer of cartilage that allows bones to glide easily during movement. In osteoarthritis:

• The cartilage gradually becomes roughened and thinner.
• The bone underneath the cartilage may become thicker and broader.
• The joint lining (synovium) can become mildly inflamed.
• The joint capsule may thicken and stretch.
• Small bony growths called osteophytes (bone spurs) can develop around the edges of the joint.

These changes can occur in any joint but are particularly common in the knees, hips, hands, and spine.

What causes it?

The exact underlying cause of OA is not clearly understood however, these are some common contributing factors:

1. Age – As we age, the cells that make up cartilage are not able to repair and regenerate as well, thus leading to a weaker cartilage matrix that is more susceptible to damage. Additionally, we lose synovial fluid in our joints with age meaning that there is increased joint friction.
2. Genetics
3. Extra weight – Excessive weight can put increased stress on joints.
4. Injury – Previous injury to the joint may predispose it to developing OA later in life due to altering joint mechanics and/or residual weakening.

Common Symptoms

People with osteoarthritis may experience:

• Joint pain during or after activity
• Stiffness, especially after resting or first thing in the morning
• Reduced flexibility and movement
• Swelling around the joint
• Clicking, grinding, or cracking sensations during movement

Symptoms can vary greatly between individuals, and X-ray findings do not always match the level of pain experienced.

How Physiotherapy Can Help

While there is currently no cure for osteoarthritis, physiotherapy plays an important role in managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life.

A physiotherapist can help you:

• Improve joint mobility and flexibility
• Strengthen the muscles that support the joint
• Reduce pain through targeted exercise, after hands on treatment
• Improve balance and function
• Develop strategies to stay active and independent

Research consistently shows that appropriate exercise is one of the most effective treatments for osteoarthritis. Staying active helps nourish the joint, maintain muscle strength, and improve overall health.

The Key Message

What can we do for Osteoarthritis at Activate physio. Pilates?

• Personalised exercise program – to strengthen the muscles surrounding the knee and improve mobility
• Massage – in some cases, tight surrounding muscles can contribute to inefficient joint mechanics and decreased mobility, therefore massage can help manage symptoms
• Pilates – after some individual physiotherapy sessions, Pilates is a great long-term management option to maintain your progress and minimise severity of symptoms
• A flare-up management plan – we provide education on how to manage a flare-up independently

If you are experiencing joint pain or stiffness, speak with one of our physiotherapists to discuss a personalised management plan.